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Relative and absolute references
References are the way that we refer to the location of a particular cell in Calc and
can be either relative (to the current cell) or absolute (a fixed amount).
Relative referencing
An example of a relative reference will illustrate the difference between a relative
reference and absolute reference using the spreadsheet from Figure 147.
1) Type the numbers 4 and 11 into cells C3 and C4 respectively of that
spreadsheet.
2) Copy the formula in cell B5 to cell C5. You can do this by using a simple copy
and paste or click and drag B5 to C5 as shown below. The formula in B5
calculates the sum of values in the two cells B3 and B4.
3) Click in cell C5. The formula bar shows =C3+C4 rather than =B3+B4 and the
value in C5 is 15, the sum of 4 and 11 which are the values in C3 and C4.
In cell B5 the references to cells B3 and B4 are relative references. This means that
Calc interprets the formula in B5, applies it to the cells in the B column, and puts the
result in the cell holding the formula. When you copied the formula to another cell,
the same procedure was used to calculate the value to put in that cell. This time the
formula in cell C5 referred to cells C3 and C4.
Figure 147: Relative references
You can think of a relative address as a pair of offsets to the current cell. Cell B1 is 1
column to the left of Cell C5 and 4 rows above. The address could be written as R[-
1]C[-4]. In fact earlier spreadsheets allowed this notation method to be used in
formulas.
Whenever you copy this formula from cell B5 to another cell the result will always be
the sum of the two numbers taken from the two cells one and two rows above the cell
containing the formula.
Relative addressing is the default method of referring to addresses in Calc.
Chapter 7 Using Formulas and Functions 169
- OpenOffice.org 3.3 1
- Calc Guide 1
- Copyright 2
- Contents 3
- Note for Mac users 8
- Chapter 1 9
- Introducing Calc 9
- What is Calc? 10
- Parts of the main Calc window 10
- Title bar 11
- Menu bar 11
- Toolbars 12
- Moving toolbars 13
- Formatting toolbar 14
- Formula Bar 15
- Right-click (context) menus 16
- Individual cells 16
- Sheet tabs 16
- Status bar 17
- Starting new spreadsheets 18
- • Press the Control+N keys 19
- Opening existing spreadsheets 20
- Opening CSV files 21
- Saving spreadsheets 22
- Password protection 24
- Going to a particular cell 26
- Moving from cell to cell 26
- Moving from sheet to sheet 28
- Selecting cells 29
- Selecting columns and rows 30
- Selecting sheets 31
- Working with columns and rows 32
- Working with sheets 33
- Viewing Calc 34
- Freezing rows and columns 35
- Splitting the screen 36
- Split screen bar 37
- Using document properties 40
- Chapter 2 43
- Entering, Editing, and 43
- Formatting Data 43
- Entering dates and times 45
- Entering special characters 45
- Speeding up data entry 46
- Using a fill series 47
- Defining a fill series 48
- Using selection lists 49
- Validating cell contents 50
- Editing data 52
- Formatting data 53
- Using manual line breaks 54
- Formatting numbers 55
- Formatting the font 56
- Choosing font effects 56
- Formatting the cell borders 58
- In each 58
- Defining a new AutoFormat 59
- Using conditional formatting 60
- Hiding and showing data 61
- Outline group controls 62
- Sorting records 63
- Finding and replacing in Calc 65
- Finding and replacing text 67
- Chapter 3 69
- Creating Charts and 69
- Creating a chart 70
- Choosing a chart type 72
- Selecting data series 73
- Editing charts 74
- Data labels 76
- Trend lines 77
- Mean value lines 78
- Y error bars 78
- Formatting charts 79
- Moving chart elements 80
- Formatting 3D charts 82
- Appearance 83
- Illumination 84
- Formatting the chart elements 85
- Formating data labels 86
- Hierarchical axis labels 86
- Resizing and moving the chart 88
- Gallery of chart types 89
- Pie charts 90
- Donut charts 91
- Area charts 92
- Line charts 93
- Scatter or XY charts 93
- Bubble charts 94
- Net charts 95
- Stock charts 96
- Column and line charts 97
- Chapter 4 98
- Using Styles and 98
- Templates in Calc 98
- What is a template? 99
- What are styles? 99
- Types of styles in Calc 99
- Accessing styles 100
- Applying cell styles 101
- Applying page styles 102
- Modifying styles 103
- Cell style options 104
- Page style options 105
- Creating new (custom) styles 106
- Copying and moving styles 107
- Deleting styles 109
- Creating a template 110
- Editing a template 111
- Caution 112
- Setting a default template 113
- Organizing templates 115
- Importing a template 116
- Exporting a template 116
- Chapter 5 117
- Using Graphics in Calc 117
- Graphics in Calc 118
- Adding graphics (images) 118
- Drag and drop 119
- Linking an image file 120
- Modifying images 123
- Icon Name Behavior 124
- Choosing a graphics mode 125
- Using graphic filters 125
- Adjusting colors 126
- Setting transparency 126
- Cropping pictures 126
- Resizing an image 128
- Rotating a picture 128
- Position and Size 129
- Original Size 129
- Description 129
- Using Calc’s drawing tools 130
- Positioning graphics 133
- Arranging graphics 134
- Anchoring graphics 135
- Creating an image map 136
- Chapter 6 138
- Printing, Exporting, and 138
- E-mailing 138
- Quick printing 139
- Controlling printing 139
- Selecting sheets to print 141
- Using print ranges 142
- Removing a print range 143
- Editing a print range 143
- Defining a custom print range 144
- Page breaks 145
- Inserting a page break 146
- Deleting a page break 146
- Headers and footers 148
- Header or footer appearance 149
- Exporting to PDF 151
- Exporting to XHTML 157
- Saving as Web pages (HTML) 157
- E-mailing spreadsheets 157
- Digital signing of documents 157
- Removing personal data 158
- Chapter 7 159
- Using Formulas and 159
- Functions 159
- Introduction 160
- Setting up a spreadsheet 160
- Creating formulas 161
- Operator types 163
- Arithmetic operators 164
- Comparative operators 164
- Text operators 164
- Reference operators 166
- Range operator 167
- Intersection operator 168
- Relative referencing 169
- Absolute referencing 170
- Order of calculation 171
- Calculations linking sheets 172
- Understanding functions 175
- Nested functions 177
- Function Wizard 178
- + vt - ½at 180
- Finding and fixing errors 182
- Examples of common errors 183
- The Detective 184
- Color coding for input 184
- Examples of functions 187
- Simple statistics 188
- Rounding off numbers 189
- Advanced functions 192
- Chapter 8 193
- Using the DataPilot 193
- Advantages 198
- Example 2: Timekeeping 201
- Solution 203
- Differences and advantages 207
- Figure 188: Import settings 209
- Figure 189: Raw data in Calc 209
- Solution with the DataPilot 210
- DataPilot functions in detail 214
- Data source 215
- The DataPilot dialog 216
- More options 217
- Data fields 219
- Row and column fields 221
- Page fields 224
- Start the dialog 224
- Grouping rows or columns 224
- (Number of Days) as 7 226
- Sorting the result 228
- Drilling (showing details) 230
- Filtering 231
- Multiple data fields 232
- Function GETPIVOTDATA 236
- First syntax variation 238
- =GETPIVOTDATA("sales 238
- Second syntax variation 238
- Chapter 9 240
- Data Analysis 240
- Consolidating data 241
- Creating subtotals 243
- Using “what if” scenarios 245
- Settings 246
- Changing scenarios 246
- Changing scenario properties 247
- Changing scenario cell values 247
- Tracking values in scenarios 248
- Using other “what if” tools 249
- Chapter 9 Data Analysis 251 251
- Chapter 9 Data Analysis 253 253
- Goal Seek example 254
- Chapter 9 Data Analysis 255 255
- Using the Solver 256
- Chapter 9 Data Analysis 257 257
- Chapter 10 259
- Linking Calc Data 259
- Why use multiple sheets? 260
- Setting up multiple sheets 260
- Inserting new sheets 261
- Hyperlinks and URLs 267
- Creating hyperlinks 268
- Linking to external data 270
- Using the Navigator 271
- Viewing data sources 276
- Editing data sources 276
- . Once in 277
- Embedding spreadsheets 278
- Other OLE objects 279
- Non-linked OLE object 280
- Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) 281
- DDE link in Writer 282
- Chapter 11 283
- Sharing and Reviewing 283
- Documents 283
- Opening a shared spreadsheet 285
- Saving a shared spreadsheet 285
- Recording changes 286
- Recording changes (tutorial) 287
- Adding comments to changes 288
- Editing change comments 289
- Adding other comments 290
- Reviewing changes 291
- Viewing changes 292
- Merging documents 294
- Comparing documents 295
- Saving versions 295
- Chapter 12 298
- Calc Macros 298
- Using the macro recorder 299
- Chapter 12 Calc Macros 301 301
- Write your own functions 303
- Using a macro as a function 305
- Chapter 12 Calc Macros 307 307
- Passing arguments to a macro 308
- Chapter 12 Calc Macros 309 309
- Accessing cells directly 310
- Chapter 12 Calc Macros 311 311
- Conclusion 312
- Chapter 13 313
- Calc as a Simple Database 313
- A B C D E F G 314
- Named range 315
- 0 TOP Select the top border 318
- Database range 319
- Auto filters 322
- Standard filters 323
- Advanced filters 326
- Manipulating filtered data 329
- Using formulas to find data 333
- Examples 335
- ADDRESS(row; column) 336
- ADDRESS(row; column; abs) 336
- Database-specific functions 339
- Chapter 14 341
- Setting up and 341
- Customizing Calc 341
- User Data options 343
- Print options 343
- Color options 343
- Security options 344
- Security options and warnings 345
- Appearance options 346
- General Load/Save options 347
- Choosing options for Calc 350
- General options for Calc 351
- View options for Calc 352
- Visual aids section 353
- Display section 353
- Calculate options 354
- Iterative references section 355
- Date section 355
- Other options 355
- Sort Lists options 356
- Changes options 357
- Grid options 357
- Customizing the menu font 358
- Customizing menu content 359
- Creating a new menu 360
- Modifying existing menus 360
- Adding a command to a menu 361
- Modifying menu entries 361
- Customizing toolbars 362
- Creating a new toolbar 363
- Adding a command to a toolbar 363
- Saving changes to a file 366
- Resetting the shortcut keys 366
- Installing extensions 367
- Using extensions 368
- Appendix A 369
- Keyboard Shortcuts 369
- Shortcut Keys Effect 372
- In this mode, you 372
- You can also 372
- Table 31. Arrow key shortcuts 372
- Cell formatting shortcuts 373
- DataPilot shortcuts 374
- Appendix B 375
- Description of Functions 375
- Functions available in Calc 376
- Mathematical functions 376
- Financial analysis functions 381
- Date and time functions 401
- Syntax Description 402
- Number is a time value 402
- Logical functions 404
- Informational functions 405
- Database functions 407
- Array functions 408
- Spreadsheet functions 410
- Text functions 414
- Radix is the base of the 415
- is the text to 415
- (optional) is the 415
- Applying the 416
- Add-in functions 417
- Places is 418
- The complex number is 419
- The complex_number is 419
- Appendix C 421
- Calc Error Codes 421
- General error codes 424
- Index 427 427
- Index 429 429
- Index 431 431
- Index 433 433
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